vDef.F90 Source File


Source Code

#include "../MEF90/mef90.inc"
program vDef
#include "petsc/finclude/petsc.h"
#include "petsc/finclude/petsctao.h"
   use m_MEF90
   use m_MEF90_DefMech_class
   use m_MEF90_DefMech
   use m_MEF90_HeatXfer_class
   use m_MEF90_HeatXfer
   use petsc
   use petsctao
   implicit none(type)

   PetscErrorCode                                     :: ierr
   type(MEF90Ctx_Type), target                        :: MEF90Ctx
   type(MEF90CtxGlobalOptions_Type)                   :: MEF90GlobalOptions

   !!! Defect mechanics contexts
   type(MEF90DefMech_Type), target                    :: MEF90DefMechCtx
   type(MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions_Type)               :: MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions
   !!! HeatXfer contexts
   type(MEF90HeatXfer_Type), target                   :: MEF90HeatXferCtx
   type(MEF90HeatXferGlobalOptions_Type)              :: MEF90HeatXferGlobalOptions

   type(tDM), target                                  :: dm, temperatureDM, displacementDM, damageDM
   type(tIS)                                          :: setIS
   PetscInt, dimension(:), pointer                    :: setID
   PetscInt                                           :: numCellSet
   PetscInt                                           :: numFaceSet
   PetscInt                                           :: set
   PetscReal, dimension(:), pointer                   :: time, elasticEnergy, bodyForceWork, boundaryForceWork, cohesiveEnergy, surfaceEnergy

   type(tSNES)                                        :: displacementSNES, damageSNES
   type(tTao)                                         :: damageTAO
   type(eSNESConvergedReason)                         :: displacementSNESConvergedReason, damageSNESConvergedReason
   type(eTaoConvergedReason)                          :: damageTAOConvergedReason
   character(len=MEF90MXSTRLEN)                       :: convergedReasonString
   type(tVec), dimension(:), pointer                  :: partialDamage
   type(tVec)                                         :: displacement, displacementResidual, damageResidual
   type(tVec)                                         :: damageAltMinOld
   type(tVec)                                         :: damageLB, damageUB
   PetscReal, dimension(:), pointer                   :: damageArray, damageAltMinOldArray, damageLBArray, damageUBArray
   type(tVec), pointer                                :: damage, damageSol, damageSolLocal
   PetscInt                                           :: iDof
   PetscReal                                          :: SOROmega, mySOROmega

   type(tSNES)                                        :: temperatureSNES
   type(eSNESConvergedReason)                         :: temperatureSNESConvergedReason
   type(tTS)                                          :: temperatureTS
   type(tTSAdapt)                                     :: temperatureTSAdapt
   type(tVec)                                         :: temperature, temperatureResidual

   PetscReal                                          :: temperatureInitialTimeStep, temperatureInitialTime
   !PetscInt                                           :: tsTemperatureMaxIter
   PetscLogStage                                      :: logStageHeatXfer, logStageDamage, logStageDisplacement, logStageEnergy, logStageIO

   PetscBool                                          :: flg, EXONeedsFormatting = PETSC_FALSE
   character(len=MEF90MXSTRLEN)                       :: IOBuffer
   Type(tPetscViewer)                                 :: logViewer

   PetscInt                                           :: step
   PetscExodusIIInt                                   :: EXOstep
   Integer                                            :: exoid
   PetscInt                                           :: AltMinIter, AltMinStep = 0_ki
   PetscReal                                          :: damageMaxChange, damageMin, damageMax
   PetscInt                                           :: numPF
   character(len=MEF90MXSTRLEN)                       :: vecName

   !! Initialize MEF90
   PetscCallA(PetscInitialize(ierr))
   PetscCallA(MEF90Initialize(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscLogStageRegister('HeatXfer    ', logStageHeatXfer, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscLogStageRegister('Damage      ', logStageDamage, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscLogStageRegister('Displacement', logStageDisplacement, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscLogStageRegister('Energy      ', logStageEnergy, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscLogStageRegister('IO          ', logStageIO, ierr))

   !! Get all MEF90-wide options
   PetscCallA(MEF90CtxCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, MEF90Ctx, "", ierr))
   PetscCallA(MEF90Ctx%setFromOptions(ierr))
   PetscCallA(MEF90CtxGlobalOptionsSetFromOptions(MEF90Ctx%comm, trim(MEF90Ctx%prefix), MEF90GlobalOptions, ierr))
   if (MEF90GlobalOptions%verbose > 1) then
      PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%comm, "Reading geometry\n", ierr))
   end if
   PetscCallA(DMPlexCreateFromFile(MEF90Ctx%Comm, MEF90Ctx%geometryFile, PETSC_NULL_CHARACTER, PETSC_TRUE, dm, ierr))
   PetscCallA(DMPlexDistributeSetDefault(dm, PETSC_FALSE, ierr))
   PetscCallA(DMSetUseNatural(dm, PETSC_TRUE, ierr))
   PetscCallA(DMSetFromOptions(dm, ierr))
   PetscCallA(DMViewFromOptions(dm, PETSC_NULL_OBJECT, "-mef90_dm_view", ierr))

   !! Calling inquire on all MPI ranks followed by exopen_par (MEF90CtxOpenEXO) can lead to a strange race condition
   !! Strangely enough, adding an MPI_Barrier does not help.
   !! There is no real good reason to call inquire on all ranks anyway.
   if (MEF90Ctx%rank == 0) then
      inquire (file=MEF90Ctx%resultFile, exist=flg)
   end if
   PetscCallMPIA(MPI_Bcast(flg, 1, MPI_LOGICAL, 0, MEF90Ctx%Comm, ierr))
   if (flg) then
      ! we assume that the output file is formatted
      if (MEF90GlobalOptions%verbose > 1) then
         PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%comm, "Opening result file\n", ierr))
      end if
      PetscCallA(MEF90CtxOpenEXO(MEF90Ctx, MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, FILE_MODE_APPEND, ierr))
   else
      ! we need to create the output file
      if (MEF90GlobalOptions%verbose > 1) then
         PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%comm, "Creating result file\n", ierr))
      end if
      ! PetscCallA(PetscViewerDestroy(MEF90Ctx%resultViewer,ierr))
      PetscCallA(MEF90CtxOpenEXO(MEF90Ctx, MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, FILE_MODE_WRITE, ierr))
      PetscCallA(MEF90EXODMView(dm, MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, MEF90GlobalOptions%elementOrder, ierr))
      EXONeedsFormatting = PETSC_TRUE
   end if

   distribute: block
      type(tDM), target                   :: dmDist
      PetscInt                            :: ovlp = 0_ki
      type(tPetscSF)                      :: naturalPointSF

      if (MEF90Ctx%NumProcs > 1) then
         if (MEF90GlobalOptions%verbose > 1) then
            PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%comm, "Distributing mesh\n", ierr))
         end if
         PetscCallA(DMSetUseNatural(dm, PETSC_TRUE, ierr))
         PetscCallA(DMPlexDistribute(dm, ovlp, naturalPointSF, dmDist, ierr))
         PetscCallA(DMPlexSetMigrationSF(dmDist, naturalPointSF, ierr))
         PetscCallA(PetscSFDestroy(naturalPointSF, ierr))
         PetscCallA(DMDestroy(dm, ierr))
         dm = dmDist
      end if
   end block distribute
   PetscCallA(DMViewFromOptions(dm, PETSC_NULL_OBJECT, "-mef90_dm_view", ierr))

   !! Create HeatXfer context, get all HeatXfer options
   PetscCallA(MEF90HeatXferCreate(MEF90HeatXferCtx, dm, MEF90Ctx, "", ierr))
   !! vDef does not export the temperature: the DefMech context owns that field
   MEF90HeatXferCtx%globalOptions%temperatureExport = PETSC_FALSE
   PetscCallA(MEF90HeatXferCtx%setFromOptions(ierr))
   MEF90HeatXferGlobalOptions = MEF90HeatXferCtx%globalOptions

   !! Create DefMechCtx, get all defMech options
   PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechCreate(MEF90DefMechCtx, dm, MEF90Ctx, "", ierr))
   PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechCtx%setFromOptions(ierr))
   PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechGlobalOptionsSetFromOptions(MEF90DefMechCtx%comm, trim(MEF90DefMechCtx%prefix), MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions, ierr))
   PetscCallA(VecDestroy(MEF90DefMechCtx%temperatureLocal, ierr))
   deallocate (MEF90DefMechCtx%temperatureLocal)
   MEF90DefMechCtx%temperatureLocal => MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureLocal
   
   !! We no longer need the DM. We have the megaDM in MEF90HeatXferCtx and MEF90DefMechCtx
   PetscCallA(DMDestroy(dm, ierr))

   !! Create GLOBAL vectors for the unknowns (temperature,displacements), residuals, etc
   PetscCallA(VecGetDM(MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureLocal, temperatureDM, ierr))
   !! This only borrows a reference so we do not need to delete it
   PetscCallA(DMCreateGlobalVector(temperatureDM, temperature, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscObjectSetName(temperature, "Temperature", ierr))
   PetscCallA(VecDuplicate(temperature, temperatureResidual, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscObjectSetName(temperatureResidual, "temperatureResidual", ierr))

   PetscCallA(VecGetDM(MEF90DefMechCtx%displacementLocal, displacementDM, ierr))
   !! This only borrows a reference so we do not need to delete it
   PetscCallA(DMCreateGlobalVector(displacementDM, displacement, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscObjectSetName(displacement, "displacement", ierr))
   PetscCallA(VecDuplicate(displacement, displacementResidual, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscObjectSetName(displacementResidual, "displacementResidual", ierr))

   PetscCallA(VecGetDM(MEF90DefMechCtx%damageLocal, damageDM, ierr))
   !! This only borrows a reference so we do not need to delete it
   allocate(damage)
   PetscCallA(DMCreateGlobalVector(damageDM, damage, ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscObjectSetName(damage, "damage", ierr))

   if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField) then
      PetscCallA(MEF90DMGetNumSets(damageDM, "Cell Sets", numPF, ierr))
      allocate(partialDamage(numPF))
      do set = 1, numPF
         write(VecName,'("partialDamage-", I4.4)') set
         PetscCallA(DMCreateGlobalVector(damageDM, partialDamage(set), ierr))
         PetscCallA(PetscObjectSetName(partialDamage(set), VecName, ierr))
      end do
   else
      numPF = 1
   end if
   
   PetscCallA(VecDuplicate(damage, damageResidual, ierr))
   PetscCallA(VecDuplicate(damage, damageAltMinOld, ierr))

   !!
   !! Create SNES or TS, Mat and set KSP default options
   !!
   select case (MEF90HeatXferGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType)
   case (MEF90HeatXFer_timeSteppingTypeSteadyState)
      PetscCallA(MEF90HeatXferCreateSNES(MEF90HeatXferCtx, temperatureSNES, temperatureResidual, ierr))
   case (MEF90HeatXFer_timeSteppingTypeTransient)
      temperatureInitialTimeStep = (time(size(time)) - time(1)) / (size(time) - 1.0_kr) / 10.0_kr
      temperatureInitialTime = time(1)
      PetscCallA(MEF90HeatXferCreateTS(MEF90HeatXferCtx, temperatureTS, temperatureResidual, temperatureInitialTime, temperatureInitialTimeStep, ierr))
      PetscCallA(TSGetAdapt(temperatureTS, temperatureTSAdapt, ierr))
   case (MEF90HeatXfer_timeSteppingTypeNULL)
      continue
   end select

   select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType)
   case (MEF90DefMech_TimeSteppingTypeQuasiStatic)
      PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechCreateSNESDisplacement(MEF90DefMechCtx, displacementSNES, displacementResidual, ierr))
      select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType)
      case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeSNES)
         PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechCreateSNESDamage(MEF90DefMechCtx, damageSNES, damageResidual, ierr))
      case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeTao)
         PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechCreateTAODamage(MEF90DefMechCtx, damageTAO, damageResidual, ierr))
      end select ! MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType
   case (MEF90DefMech_TimeSteppingTypeNULL)
      continue
   end select

   !!
   !! Allocate array of works and energies
   !!
   PetscCallA(MEF90DMGetNumSets(MEF90HeatXferCtx%megaDM, MEF90CellSetLabelName, numCellSet, ierr))
   PetscCallA(MEF90DMGetNumSets(MEF90HeatXferCtx%megaDM, MEF90FaceSetLabelName, numFaceSet, ierr))
   allocate (elasticEnergy(numCellSet))
   allocate (bodyForceWork(numCellSet))
   allocate (cohesiveEnergy(numCellSet))
   allocate (surfaceEnergy(numCellSet))
   allocate (boundaryForceWork(numFaceSet))

   !!
   !! Format Exodus file if needed
   !!
   PetscCallA(DMGetDimension(MEF90DefMechCtx%megaDM, MEF90DefMechCtx%dim, ierr))
   PetscCallA(MEF90CtxGetTime(MEF90Ctx, time, ierr))
   if (EXONeedsFormatting) then
      if (MEF90GlobalOptions%verbose > 1) then
         PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%comm, "Formatting result file\n", ierr))
      end if
      PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechFormatEXO(MEF90DefMechCtx, time, ierr))
      if (MEF90GlobalOptions%verbose > 1) then
         PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%comm, "Done Formatting result file\n", ierr))
      end if
   else
      !! Make sure time steps in the file are correct
      PetscCall(PetscViewerExodusIIGetId(MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, exoid, ierr))
      do step = 1, size(time)
         call exptim(exoid, step, time(step), ierr)
      end do
      PetscCall(PetscViewerFlush(MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, ierr))
   end if
   if (MEF90GlobalOptions%verbose > 1) then
      PetscCallA(PetscViewerView(MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_WORLD, ierr))
   end if

   !!
   !! Actual computations / time stepping
   !!
   if (((MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType /= MEF90DefMech_TimeSteppingTypeNULL)      &
      .or. (MEF90HeatXferGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType /= MEF90DefMech_TimeSteppingTypeNULL)) &
      .and. (.not. MEF90GlobalOptions%dryrun)) then

      !! Reload current state if necessary
      if (MEF90GlobalOptions%timeSkip > 0) then
         EXOstep = MEF90GlobalOptions%timeSkip
         select case (MEF90HeatXferGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType)
         case (MEF90HeatXfer_timeSteppingTypeSteadyState)
            PetscCallA(MEF90EXOVecLoad(MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureLocal, MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureToIOSF, MEF90HeatXferCtx%IOToTemperatureSF, MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, EXOstep, 1_ki, ierr))
         case (MEF90HeatXfer_timeSteppingTypeTransient)
            PetscCallA(TSSetTime(temperatureTS, time(EXOstep), ierr))
         end select

         select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType)
         case (MEF90DefMech_timeSteppingTypeQuasiStatic)
            PetscCallA(MEF90EXOVecLoad(MEF90DefMechCtx%displacementLocal, MEF90DefMechCtx%displacementToIOSF, MEF90DefMechCtx%IOToDisplacementSF, MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, EXOstep, MEF90DefMechCtx%dim, ierr))
            PetscCallA(MEF90EXOVecLoad(MEF90DefMechCtx%damageLocal, MEF90DefMechCtx%damageToIOSF, MEF90DefMechCtx%IOToDamageSF, MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, EXOstep, 1_ki, ierr))
            if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField) then
               do set = 1, size(MEF90DefMechCtx%partialDamageLocal)
                  PetscCallA(MEF90EXOVecLoad(MEF90DefMechCtx%partialDamageLocal(set), MEF90DefMechCtx%damageToIOSF, MEF90DefMechCtx%IOToDamageSF, MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, EXOstep, 1_ki, ierr))
               end do
            end if
         end select
      end if

      step = MEF90GlobalOptions%timeSkip + 1
      mainloopQS: do
         MEF90DefMechCtx%analysisTime = time(step)
         if (step > 1) then
            MEF90DefMechCtx%timeStep = time(step) - time(step - 1)
         else
            MEF90DefMechCtx%timeStep = 0.0_kr
         end if

         write (IOBuffer, 100) step, time(step)
         PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%comm, IOBuffer, ierr))

         !! Solve for temperature
         PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePush(logStageHeatXfer, ierr))
         select case (MEF90HeatXferGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType)
         case (MEF90HeatXfer_timeSteppingTypeSteadyState)
            PetscCallA(MEF90HeatXferSetTransients(MEF90HeatXferCtx, step, time(step), ierr))
            PetscCallA(DMLocalToGlobal(temperatureDM, MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureLocal, INSERT_VALUES, temperature, ierr))
            !! Solve SNES
            PetscCallA(SNESSolve(temperatureSNES, PETSC_NULL_VEC, temperature, ierr))
            PetscCallA(SNESGetConvergedReason(temperatureSNES, temperatureSNESConvergedReason, ierr))
            if (temperatureSNESConvergedReason%v < 0) then
               PetscCallA(SNESGetConvergedReasonString(temperatureSNES, convergedReasonString, ierr))
               write (IOBuffer, 400) "temperature", temperatureSNESConvergedReason, trim(convergedReasonString)
               PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
            end if

            PetscCallA(DMGlobalToLocal(temperatureDM, temperature, INSERT_VALUES, MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureLocal, ierr))
            PetscCallA(VecCopy(MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureLocal, MEF90DefMechCtx%temperatureLocal, ierr))
         case (MEF90HeatXfer_timeSteppingTypeTransient)
            if (step > 1) then
               write (IOBuffer, 200) step, time(step)
               PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
               if (step > 1) then
                  !! Update fields
                  PetscCallA(MEF90HeatXferSetTransients(MEF90HeatXferCtx, step, time(step), ierr))
                  PetscCallA(TSSetMaxTime(temperatureTS, time(step), ierr))
                  PetscCallA(DMLocalToGlobal(temperatureDM, MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureLocal, INSERT_VALUES, temperature, ierr))
                  PetscCallA(TSSolve(temperatureTS, temperature, ierr))
                  PetscCallA(DMGlobalToLocal(temperatureDM, temperature, INSERT_VALUES, MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureLocal, ierr))
               end if
            end if
         end select
         PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePop(ierr))

         if (MEF90HeatXferGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType /= MEF90DefMech_TimeSteppingTypeNULL) then
            !! Compute energies
            PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePush(logStageEnergy, ierr))
            PetscCallA(MEF90HeatXFerEnergy(MEF90HeatXferCtx, elasticEnergy, bodyForceWork, boundaryForceWork, ierr))
            PetscCallA(DMGetLabelIdIS(temperatureDM, MEF90CellSetLabelName, setIS, ierr))
            PetscCallA(MEF90ISAllGatherMerge(MEF90HeatXferCtx%MEF90Ctx%comm, setIS, ierr))
            PetscCallA(ISGetIndices(setIS, setID, ierr))
            do set = 1, size(setID)
               write (IOBuffer, 101) setID(set), elasticEnergy(set), bodyForceWork(set), elasticEnergy(set) - bodyForceWork(set)
               PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
            end do
            PetscCallA(ISRestoreIndices(setIS, setID, ierr))
            PetscCallA(ISDestroy(setIS, ierr))

            PetscCallA(DMGetLabelIdIS(temperatureDM, MEF90FaceSetLabelName, setIS, ierr))
            PetscCallA(MEF90ISAllGatherMerge(MEF90HeatXferCtx%MEF90Ctx%comm, setIS, ierr))
            PetscCallA(ISGetIndices(setIS, setID, ierr))
            do set = 1, size(setID)
               write (IOBuffer, 103) setID(set), boundaryForceWork(set)
               PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
            end do
            PetscCallA(ISRestoreIndices(setIS, setID, ierr))
            PetscCallA(ISDestroy(setIS, ierr))

            write (IOBuffer, 102) sum(elasticEnergy), sum(bodyForceWork) + sum(boundaryForceWork), sum(elasticEnergy) - sum(bodyForceWork) - sum(boundaryForceWork)
            PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
            PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePop(ierr))

            !! Save results
            EXOstep = step
            PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePush(logStageIO, ierr))
            PetscCallA(MEF90HeatXferViewEXO(MEF90HeatXferCtx, EXOstep, ierr))
            PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePop(ierr))
         end if

         !! Solve for displacement and damage
         PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechSetTransients(MEF90DefMechCtx, step, time(step), ierr))
         if (.not. MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField) then
            select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType)
               case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeSNES)
                  PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechUpdateDamageBounds(MEF90DefMechCtx, damageSNES, damage, ierr))
               case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeTao)
                  PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechTAOUpdateDamageBounds(MEF90DefMechCtx, damageTAO, damage, ierr))
            end select ! MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType
         end if

         PetscCallA(DMLocalToGlobal(displacementDM, MEF90DefMechCtx%displacementLocal, INSERT_VALUES, displacement, ierr))

         select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType)
         case (MEF90DefMech_timeSteppingTypeQuasiStatic)
            select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%SolverType)
            case (MEF90DefMech_SolverTypeAltMin)
               PetscCallA(SNESSetLagPreconditioner(displacementSNES, 1_ki, ierr))
               if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType == MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeSNES) then
                  PetscCallA(SNESSetLagPreconditioner(damageSNES, 1_ki, ierr))
               end if

               AltMin: do AltMinIter = 1, MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageMaxIt
                  AltMinStep = AltMinStep + 1
                  PetscCallA(VecCopy(damage, damageAltMinOld, ierr))
                  if (mod(AltMinIter - 1, MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%PCLag) == 0) then
                     PetscCallA(SNESSetLagPreconditioner(displacementSNES, -2_ki, ierr))
                     if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType == MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeSNES) then
                        PetscCallA(SNESSetLagPreconditioner(damageSNES, 2_ki, ierr))
                     end if
                  end if

                  !! Solve SNES displacement
                  PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePush(logStageDisplacement, ierr))
                  PetscCallA(SNESSolve(displacementSNES, PETSC_NULL_VEC, displacement, ierr))
                  PetscCallA(SNESGetConvergedReason(displacementSNES, displacementSNESConvergedReason, ierr))
                  if (displacementSNESConvergedReason%v < 0) then
                     PetscCallA(SNESGetConvergedReasonString(displacementSNES, convergedReasonString, ierr))
                     write (IOBuffer, 400) "displacement", displacementSNESConvergedReason, trim(convergedReasonString)
                     PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
                  end if

                  PetscCallA(DMGlobalToLocal(displacementDM, displacement, INSERT_VALUES, MEF90DefMechCtx%displacementLocal, ierr))
                  PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePop(ierr))

                  PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePush(logStageDamage, ierr))
                  ! PetscCallA(VecCopy(damage(1), damageAltMinOld, ierr))

                  damageSol => damage
                  damageSolLocal => MEF90DefMechCtx%damageLocal
                  do set = 1, numPF
                     !! if MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField is false, then numPF = 1 so we enter this loop only once
                     MEF90DefMechCtx%currentSet = set
                     vecName = "Damage"
                     !! Solve for damage field
                     if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField) then
                        damageSol => partialDamage(set)
                        damageSolLocal => MEF90DefMechCtx%partialDamageLocal(set)
                        write(VecName,'("partialDamage-", I4.4)') set
                     end if

                     if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField) then
                        select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType)
                           case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeSNES)
                              PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechUpdateDamageBounds(MEF90DefMechCtx, damageSNES, partialDamage(set), ierr))
                           case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeTao)
                              PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechTAOUpdateDamageBounds(MEF90DefMechCtx, damageTAO, partialDamage(set), ierr))
                        end select ! MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType
                     end if


                     PetscCallA(DMLocalToGlobal(damageDM, damageSolLocal, INSERT_VALUES, damageSol, ierr))
                     select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType)
                     case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeSNES)
                        PetscCallA(SNESSolve(damageSNES, PETSC_NULL_VEC, damageSol, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(SNESGetConvergedReason(damageSNES, damageSNESConvergedReason, ierr))
                        if (damageSNESConvergedReason%v < 0) then
                           PetscCallA(SNESGetConvergedReasonString(damageSNES, convergedReasonString, ierr))
                              write (IOBuffer, 400) trim(vecName), damageSNESConvergedReason, trim(convergedReasonString)
                           PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
                        end if
                     case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeTao)
                        PetscCallA(TAOSetSolution(damageTAO, damageSol, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(TAOSolve(damageTAO, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(TAOGetConvergedReason(damageTAO, damageTAOConvergedReason, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(TAOGetConvergedReasonString(damageTAO, convergedReasonString, ierr))
                        if (damageTAOConvergedReason%v < 0) then
                           write (IOBuffer, 401)  trim(vecName), damageTAOConvergedReason, trim(convergedReasonString)
                           PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
                        end if
                        PetscCallA(TAOGetSolution(damageTAO, damageSol, ierr))
                     end select ! MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType
                     PetscCallA(DMGlobalToLocal(damageDM, damageSol, INSERT_VALUES, damageSolLocal, ierr))
                     
                     if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField) then
                        PetscCallA(VecMin(damageSolLocal, PETSC_NULL_INTEGER, damageMin, ierr))
                        PetscCallMPI(MPI_AllReduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, damageMin, 1, MPIU_SCALAR, MPI_MIN, MEF90Ctx%comm, ierr))

                        PetscCallA(VecMax(damageSolLocal, PETSC_NULL_INTEGER, damageMax, ierr))
                        PetscCallMPI(MPI_AllReduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, damageMax, 1, MPIU_SCALAR, MPI_MAX, MEF90Ctx%comm, ierr))
                        write (IOBuffer, 210) AltMinIter, MEF90DefMechCtx%currentSet, damageMin, damageMax
                        PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
                     end if
                  end do ! set

                  if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField) then
                     PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechComputeCompositeDamage(damage, partialDamage, ierr))
                     PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechComputeCompositeDamage(MEF90DefMechCtx%damageLocal, MEF90DefMechCtx%partialDamageLocal, ierr))
                  end if

                  !! Over relaxation of the damage variable (not implemented for multiPhaseField)
                  if ((AltMinIter > 1) .and. (.not. MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseFIeld)) then
                     if ((MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%SOROmega > 0.0_kr) .and. (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%SOROmega /= 1.0) .and. (.not. MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField)) then
                        mySOROmega = MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%SOROmega
                        !! LIMITED SOR
                        PetscCallA(SNESVIGetVariableBounds(damageSNES, damageLB, damageUB, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecGetArrayRead(damageLB, damageLBArray, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecGetArrayRead(damageUB, damageUBArray, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecGetArrayRead(damageAltMinOld, damageAltMinOldArray, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecGetArrayRead(damage, damageArray, ierr))
                        do iDof = 1, size(damageArray)
                           if (damageArray(iDof) > damageAltMinOldArray(iDof)) then
                              mySOROmega = min(mySOROmega, (damageUBArray(iDof) - damageAltMinOldArray(iDof)) / (damageArray(iDof) - damageAltMinOldArray(iDof)))
                           else if (damageArray(iDof) < damageAltMinOldArray(iDof)) then
                              mySOROmega = min(mySOROmega, (damageLBArray(iDof) - damageAltMinOldArray(iDof)) / (damageArray(iDof) - damageAltMinOldArray(iDof)))
                           end if
                        end do
                        PetscCallA(VecRestoreArrayRead(damage, damageArray, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecRestoreArrayRead(damageAltMinOld, damageAltMinOldArray, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecRestoreArrayRead(damageUB, damageUBArray, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecRestoreArrayRead(damageLB, damageLBArray, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(MPI_AllReduce(mySOROmega, SOROmega, 1, MPIU_SCALAR, MPI_MIN, MEF90Ctx%comm, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecAXPBY(damage, 1.0_kr - SOROmega, SOROmega, damageAltMinOld, ierr))
                     else if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%SOROmega < 0.0_kr) then
                        !! PROJECTED SOR
                        SOROmega = -MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%SOROmega
                        PetscCallA(VecAXPBY(damage, 1.0_kr - SOROmega, SOROmega, damageAltMinOld, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(SNESVIGetVariableBounds(damageSNES, damageLB, damageUB, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecPointwiseMax(damage, damage, damageLB, ierr))
                        PetscCallA(VecPointwiseMin(damage, damage, damageUB, ierr))
                     end if
                  end if ! SOR

                  !! Monitor the progress of the Alt Min algorithm
                  PetscCallA(VecMin(MEF90DefMechCtx%damageLocal, PETSC_NULL_INTEGER, damageMin, ierr))
                  PetscCallMPI(MPI_AllReduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, damageMin, 1, MPIU_SCALAR, MPI_MIN, MEF90Ctx%comm, ierr))
                  PetscCallA(VecMax(MEF90DefMechCtx%damageLocal, PETSC_NULL_INTEGER, damageMax, ierr))
                  PetscCallMPI(MPI_AllReduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, damageMax, 1, MPIU_SCALAR, MPI_MAX, MEF90Ctx%comm, ierr))

                  PetscCallA(VecAxPy(damageAltMinOld, -1.0_kr, damage, ierr))
                  PetscCallA(VecNorm(damageAltMinOld, NORM_INFINITY, damageMaxChange, ierr))
                  write (IOBuffer, 209) AltMinIter, damageMin, damageMax, damageMaxChange
                  PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
                  PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePop(ierr))

                  !! This could be dangerous as it does not account for transfer between partial phase-fields
                  !! Is this a problem?
                  !! Test for convergence based on the L^\infty norm of the increment
                  if (damageMaxChange <= MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageATol) then
                     exit altMin
                  end if

                  if (mod(AltMinIter, 25_Ki) == 0) then
                     EXOstep = step
                     !! Save results and boundary Values
                     PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePush(logStageIO, ierr))
                     PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechViewEXO(MEF90DefMechCtx, EXOstep, ierr))
                     PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePop(ierr))
                  end if
               end do AltMin
            case default
               write (IOBuffer, *) "Unimplemented DefMech solver type: ", MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%SolverType, "\n"
               PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
               stop
            end select ! solverType

            !! Compute energies
            PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePush(logStageEnergy, ierr))
            elasticEnergy = 0.0_kr
            bodyForceWork = 0.0_kr
            boundaryForceWork = 0.0_kr
            surfaceEnergy = 0.0_kr
            cohesiveEnergy = 0.0_kr
            PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechWork(MEF90DefMechCtx, bodyForceWork, boundaryForceWork, ierr))
            PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechElasticEnergy(MEF90DefMechCtx, elasticEnergy, ierr))
            PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechSurfaceEnergy(MEF90DefMechCtx, surfaceEnergy, ierr))

            PetscCallA(DMGetLabelIdIS(displacementDM, MEF90CellSetLabelName, setIS, ierr))
            PetscCallA(MEF90ISAllGatherMerge(MEF90Ctx%comm, setIS, ierr))
            PetscCallA(ISGetIndices(setIS, setID, ierr))
            do set = 1, size(setID)
               write (IOBuffer, 201) setID(set), elasticEnergy(set), bodyForceWork(set), cohesiveEnergy(set), surfaceEnergy(set), elasticEnergy(set) - bodyForceWork(set) + cohesiveEnergy(set) + surfaceEnergy(set)
               PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
               write (IOBuffer, 500) step, time(step), elasticEnergy(set), bodyForceWork(set), cohesiveEnergy(set), surfaceEnergy(set), elasticEnergy(set) - bodyForceWork(set) + cohesiveEnergy(set) + surfaceEnergy(set)
               PetscCallA(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(MEF90DefMechCtx%setEnergyViewer(set), IOBuffer, ierr))
               PetscCallA(PetscViewerFlush(MEF90DefMechCtx%setEnergyViewer(set), ierr))
            end do
            PetscCallA(ISRestoreIndices(setIS, setID, ierr))
            PetscCallA(ISDestroy(setIS, ierr))

            PetscCallA(DMGetLabelIdIS(displacementDM, MEF90FaceSetLabelName, setIS, ierr))
            PetscCallA(MEF90ISAllGatherMerge(MEF90Ctx%comm, setIS, ierr))
            PetscCallA(ISGetIndices(setIS, setID, ierr))
            do set = 1, size(setID)
               write (IOBuffer, 203) setID(set), boundaryForceWork(set)
               PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
            end do
            PetscCallA(ISRestoreIndices(setIS, setID, ierr))
            PetscCallA(ISDestroy(setIS, ierr))

            write (IOBuffer, 202) sum(elasticEnergy), sum(bodyForceWork) + sum(boundaryForceWork), sum(cohesiveEnergy), sum(surfaceEnergy), sum(elasticEnergy) - sum(bodyForceWork) - sum(boundaryForceWork) + sum(cohesiveEnergy) + sum(surfaceEnergy)
            PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%Comm, IOBuffer, ierr))
            write (IOBuffer, 500) step, time(step), sum(elasticEnergy), sum(bodyForceWork) + sum(boundaryForceWork), sum(cohesiveEnergy), sum(surfaceEnergy), sum(elasticEnergy) - sum(bodyForceWork) - sum(boundaryForceWork) + sum(cohesiveEnergy) + sum(surfaceEnergy)
            PetscCallA(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(MEF90DefMechCtx%globalEnergyViewer, IOBuffer, ierr))
            PetscCallA(PetscViewerFlush(MEF90DefMechCtx%globalEnergyViewer, ierr))
            PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePop(ierr))

            !! Save results and boundary Values
            if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%stressExport) then
               PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechStress(MEF90DefMechCtx, MEF90DefMechCtx%stress, ierr))
            end if
            PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePush(logStageIO, ierr))
            EXOstep = step
            PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechViewEXO(MEF90DefMechCtx, EXOstep, ierr))
            PetscCallA(PetscLogStagePop(ierr))

            PetscCallA(PetscViewerASCIIOpen(MEF90Ctx%comm,trim(MEF90FilePrefix(MEF90Ctx%resultFile))//'.log',logViewer, ierr))
            PetscCallA(PetscLogView(logViewer,ierr))
            PetscCallA(PetscViewerDestroy(logViewer,ierr))
         end select ! timeStepingType

         if (step == size(time)) then
            exit mainloopQS
         else
            step = step + 1
         end if
      end do MainloopQS
   end if ! timeSteppingType
   write (IOBuffer, *) 'Total number of alternate minimizations:', AltMinStep, '\n'
   PetscCallA(PetscPrintf(MEF90Ctx%comm, IOBuffer, ierr))

100 format("\nSolving steady state step ", I4, ", t=", ES12.5, "\n")
200 format("\nSolving transient step ", I4, ", t=", ES12.5, "\n")
101 format("cell set ", I4, " thermal energy: ", ES12.5, " flux: ", ES12.5, " total: ", ES12.5, "\n")
102 format("======= Total thermal energy: ", ES12.5, " flux: ", ES12.5, " total: ", ES12.5, "\n")
103 format("face set ", I4, "                              flux: ", ES12.5, "\n")
201 format("cell set ", I4, "  elastic energy: ", ES12.5, " work: ", ES12.5, " cohesive: ", ES12.5, " surface: ", ES12.5, " total: ", ES12.5, "\n")
203 format("face set ", I4, "                      boundary work: ", ES12.5, "\n")
202 format("======= Total: elastic energy: ", ES12.5, " work: ", ES12.5, " cohesive: ", ES12.5, " surface: ", ES12.5, " total: ", ES12.5, "\n")
209 format("   Alt. Min. step ", I5, " alpha min / max", ES12.5, " / ", ES12.5, ", max change ", ES12.5, "\n")
210 format("   Alt. Min. step ", I5, " set ", G0, " alpha min / max", ES12.5, " / ", ES12.5, "\n")


400 format(" [ERROR]: ", A, " SNESSolve failed with SNESConvergedReason ", I2, ": ", A, "\n")
401 format(" [ERROR]: ", A, " TAOSolve failed with TAOConvergedReason ", I2, ": ", A, "\n")
500 format(I6, 6(ES16.5), "\n")

!! Clean up and exit nicely
   select case (MEF90HeatXferGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType)
   case (MEF90HeatXFer_timeSteppingTypeSteadyState)
      PetscCallA(SNESDestroy(temperatureSNES, ierr))
   case (MEF90HeatXFer_timeSteppingTypeTransient)
      PetscCallA(TSDestroy(temperatureTS, ierr))
   end select
   PetscCallA(VecDestroy(temperatureResidual, ierr))
   PetscCallA(VecDestroy(temperature, ierr))

   select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%timeSteppingType)
   case (MEF90DefMech_TimeSteppingTypeQuasiStatic)
      PetscCallA(SNESDestroy(displacementSNES, ierr))
      select case (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType)
      case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeSNES)
         PetscCallA(SNESDestroy(damageSNES, ierr))
      case (MEF90DefMech_DamageSolverTypeTao)
         PetscCallA(TAODestroy(damageTAO, ierr))
      end select ! MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%damageSolverType
   end select
   PetscCallA(VecDestroy(displacementResidual, ierr))
   PetscCallA(VecDestroy(displacement, ierr))
   PetscCallA(VecDestroy(damageResidual, ierr))
   PetscCallA(VecDestroy(damageAltMinOld, ierr))
   PetscCallA(VecDestroy(damage, ierr))
   if (MEF90DefMechGlobalOptions%multiPhaseField) then
      do set = 1, size(partialDamage)
         PetscCallA(VecDestroy(partialDamage(set), ierr))
      end do
      deallocate(partialDamage)
   end if

   deallocate (time)
   deallocate (elasticEnergy)
   deallocate (bodyForceWork)
   deallocate (boundaryForceWork)
   deallocate (cohesiveEnergy)
   deallocate (surfaceEnergy)
   PetscCallA(MEF90DefMechDestroy(MEF90DefMechCtx, ierr))
   nullify (MEF90HeatXferCtx%temperatureLocal)
   PetscCallA(MEF90HeatXferDestroy(MEF90HeatXferCtx, ierr))

   PetscCallA(PetscViewerDestroy(MEF90Ctx%resultViewer, ierr))
   If (.NOT. MEF90GlobalOptions%dryrun) Then
      PetscCallA(PetscViewerASCIIOpen(MEF90Ctx%comm,trim(MEF90FilePrefix(MEF90Ctx%resultFile))//'.log',logViewer, ierr))
      PetscCallA(PetscLogView(logViewer,ierr))
      PetscCallA(PetscViewerDestroy(logViewer,ierr))
   End If
   PetscCallA(MEF90CtxDestroy(MEF90Ctx, ierr))
   PetscCallA(MEF90Finalize(ierr))
   PetscCallA(PetscFinalize(ierr))
end program vDef